Journal: Drug Metabolism and Disposition

Article Title: Characterization and Interspecies Scaling of rhTNF- α Pharmacokinetics with Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models

doi: 10.1124/dmd.116.074799

Figure Lengend Snippet: Literature sources of rhTNF- α pharmacokinetic data

Article Snippet: The high-dose s.c. infusion group ( n = 4) received 117.4 μ g/kg/d of rhTNF- α for 48 hours (infusion rate 1 μ l/h) using Alzet Model 1003D micro-osmotic pumps (Durect Corporation), implanted as described previously.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Drug Metabolism and Disposition

Article Title: Characterization and Interspecies Scaling of rhTNF- α Pharmacokinetics with Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models

doi: 10.1124/dmd.116.074799

Figure Lengend Snippet: Extended first-generation mPBPK model for characterization of rhTNF-α plasma PK. Model includes plasma compartment (Vp), two types of tissue compartments (V1 and V2) and a kidney compartment (Vk). Distribution of rhTNF-α to tissues is assumed driven by perfusion and diffusion. Symbols are defined in Tables 2 and ​and33.

Article Snippet: The high-dose s.c. infusion group ( n = 4) received 117.4 μ g/kg/d of rhTNF- α for 48 hours (infusion rate 1 μ l/h) using Alzet Model 1003D micro-osmotic pumps (Durect Corporation), implanted as described previously.

Techniques: Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Drug Metabolism and Disposition

Article Title: Characterization and Interspecies Scaling of rhTNF- α Pharmacokinetics with Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models

doi: 10.1124/dmd.116.074799

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of model parameter estimates for rhTNF- α plasma PK

Article Snippet: The high-dose s.c. infusion group ( n = 4) received 117.4 μ g/kg/d of rhTNF- α for 48 hours (infusion rate 1 μ l/h) using Alzet Model 1003D micro-osmotic pumps (Durect Corporation), implanted as described previously.

Techniques:

Journal: Drug Metabolism and Disposition

Article Title: Characterization and Interspecies Scaling of rhTNF- α Pharmacokinetics with Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models

doi: 10.1124/dmd.116.074799

Figure Lengend Snippet: Semimechanistic model for rhTNF-α absorption kinetics. Model includes the absorption site, lymph, plasma, and two transit compartments (OT1 and OT2). The absorption of rhTNF-α is via lymph uptake and other routes. Symbols are defined in Tables 2 and ​and44.

Article Snippet: The high-dose s.c. infusion group ( n = 4) received 117.4 μ g/kg/d of rhTNF- α for 48 hours (infusion rate 1 μ l/h) using Alzet Model 1003D micro-osmotic pumps (Durect Corporation), implanted as described previously.

Techniques:

Journal: Drug Metabolism and Disposition

Article Title: Characterization and Interspecies Scaling of rhTNF- α Pharmacokinetics with Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models

doi: 10.1124/dmd.116.074799

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of model parameters and estimates [mean (CV%)] for rhTNF- α absorption kinetics

Article Snippet: The high-dose s.c. infusion group ( n = 4) received 117.4 μ g/kg/d of rhTNF- α for 48 hours (infusion rate 1 μ l/h) using Alzet Model 1003D micro-osmotic pumps (Durect Corporation), implanted as described previously.

Techniques:

Journal: Drug Metabolism and Disposition

Article Title: Characterization and Interspecies Scaling of rhTNF- α Pharmacokinetics with Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models

doi: 10.1124/dmd.116.074799

Figure Lengend Snippet: Model-fitted plasma rhTNF-α concentration versus time profiles from experimental (A) and literature reported studies in rats (B–D) (Kojima et al., 1988; Ferraiolo et al., 1989; Zahn and Greischel, 1989). Symbols are observed concentrations and lines depict model fittings using parameters from Tables 3 and ​and4.4. The dotted line indicates the lower limit of assay quantification.

Article Snippet: The high-dose s.c. infusion group ( n = 4) received 117.4 μ g/kg/d of rhTNF- α for 48 hours (infusion rate 1 μ l/h) using Alzet Model 1003D micro-osmotic pumps (Durect Corporation), implanted as described previously.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Drug Metabolism and Disposition

Article Title: Characterization and Interspecies Scaling of rhTNF- α Pharmacokinetics with Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models

doi: 10.1124/dmd.116.074799

Figure Lengend Snippet: Allometric-scaled plasma rhTNF-α concentration versus time profiles in monkeys. Symbols are observed concentrations from literature reported studies (Greischel and Zahn, 1989) and lines depict interspecies predictions using the parameters listed in Tables 3 and ​and44.

Article Snippet: The high-dose s.c. infusion group ( n = 4) received 117.4 μ g/kg/d of rhTNF- α for 48 hours (infusion rate 1 μ l/h) using Alzet Model 1003D micro-osmotic pumps (Durect Corporation), implanted as described previously.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Drug Metabolism and Disposition

Article Title: Characterization and Interspecies Scaling of rhTNF- α Pharmacokinetics with Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models

doi: 10.1124/dmd.116.074799

Figure Lengend Snippet: Model-fitted rhTNF-α concentration versus time profiles in plasma and lymph following s.c. administration from our experimental (A, C, and D) and literature reported studies in rats (B) (Kojima et al., 1988). Solid circles are observed plasma concentrations and open circles are observed lymph concentrations. Solid and dashed lines depict model-fitted concentration profiles in plasma and lymph, respectively, with the parameters listed in Table 4.

Article Snippet: The high-dose s.c. infusion group ( n = 4) received 117.4 μ g/kg/d of rhTNF- α for 48 hours (infusion rate 1 μ l/h) using Alzet Model 1003D micro-osmotic pumps (Durect Corporation), implanted as described previously.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Drug Metabolism and Disposition

Article Title: Characterization and Interspecies Scaling of rhTNF- α Pharmacokinetics with Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models

doi: 10.1124/dmd.116.074799

Figure Lengend Snippet: Model-fitted rhTNF-α concentrations versus time profiles in plasma and lymph following i.m., i.p., SW, and GW routes of administration from literature reported studies in rats (Kojima et al., 1988). Solid circles are observed plasma concentrations and open circles are observed lymph concentrations. Solid and dashed lines depict model-fitted concentration profiles in plasma and lymph, respectively, with the parameters listed in Table 4.

Article Snippet: The high-dose s.c. infusion group ( n = 4) received 117.4 μ g/kg/d of rhTNF- α for 48 hours (infusion rate 1 μ l/h) using Alzet Model 1003D micro-osmotic pumps (Durect Corporation), implanted as described previously.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Visualization of X4- and R5-Tropic HIV-1 Viruses Expressing Fluorescent Proteins in Human Endometrial Cells: Application to Tropism Study

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169453

Figure Lengend Snippet: The two right columns correspond to untreated cells. The two central columns correspond to the addition of a mixture of Il-1β (25 ng/ml) and TNF-α (10 ng/ml) pro-inflammatory cytokines 24 h post-infection. The two right columns correspond to the addition of azydothimidine (AZT) 10 μM 2 h before infection. Results are representative of 6 independent experiments; each of them was performed in duplicate as well as the measurement of total HIV DNA.

Article Snippet: In some experiments, cells infected with HIV for 24 h were incubated with proinflammatory cytokines rhTNF-α (10 ng/ml) and rhIL-1β (25 ng/ml) (Peprotech) for an additional 24 h, before quantifying intracellular and extracellular HIV RNA and DNA as well as p24 production in cell supernatant.

Techniques: Infection